Causal Arguments and Causal Fallacies

https://www.csus.edu/indiv/m/mayesgr/phl4/handouts/phl4causalfallacies.htm#:~:text=Neglecting%20a%20Common%20Cause&text=This%20fallacy%20is%20usually%20committed,caused%20by%20something%20else%20entirely.

Good causal arguments rest on the application of two important principles:

1. the Principle of Agreement
2. the Principle of Difference

The Principle of Agreement

If X is a common factor in multiple occurrences of Y, then X is a cause of Y.

The Principle of Difference

If X is a difference between situations where Y occurs and situations where Y does not occur, then X is a cause of Y.