🛠️ Steven Gong

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Sep 29, 2023, 2 min read

Advanced Package Tool (apt)

Difference between apt update and apt upgrade?

 apt-get update updates the package index files, whereas apt-get upgrade upgrades the actual packages installed on your system.

  • What are package index files? They probably tell you where your packages are actually fetched

AHA-Moment (09-07-2023): OMG today ashwin taught me about how apt actually works. There are people who have servers storing the images.

For instance, if you do,

sudo apt install ros-humble-slam-toolbox

what this is actually doing is fetching from some sort of server.

Which means if for example you are running Ubuntu 20.04 or older, those people might not have a version for your specific distribution of linux.

This is where NVIDIA might come in and host their own server, so that there IS a version that works.

The reason some of the Isaac ROS development is still on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal) even though the latest ROS runs on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy)

Resources

What Happens under the Hood

https://askubuntu.com/questions/540937/what-does-apt-get-install-do-under-the-hood

So it actually runs DPKG.

https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxquestions/comments/n8c043/what_is_dkpg/

From ChatGPT: How Packages are Added in Ubuntu with sudo apt install

  1. Fetching Package Info: When you issue sudo apt install, the first thing that happens is that the Advanced Package Tool (APT) will update its local package lists from the repositories defined in /etc/apt/sources.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/. This ensures that you are installing the latest available version of the package.
  2. Dependency Resolution: APT will then identify all the dependencies needed for the desired package. If these are not already installed, APT will include them in the installation process.
  3. Package Download: The package files (.deb) and their dependencies are downloaded from the repository to your local machine.
  4. Package Verification: Before installation, APT will use the GPG Keys to verify the integrity of the downloaded package files. This ensures that the packages haven’t been tampered with and are coming from a trusted source.
  5. Installation: Finally, the downloaded .deb files are extracted, and the package is installed on the system. This might include placing executable files in appropriate directories, adding new system services, or updating libraries.

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