expected (C++) https://boostorg.github.io/outcome/alternatives/expected.html So we have a variation of this internally inside NVIDIA, but the basic idea is the same. I need to spend some time to understand. Very similar to optional (C++) actually. #include <iostream> #include <boost/expected/expected.hpp> // Assuming boost::expected is available in your boost version // Function that can either succeed or fail, returning boost::expected boost::expected<int, std::string> divide(int a, int b) { if (b == 0) { return boost::make_unexpected("Division by zero error"); // Return an error string } else { return a / b; // Return the result if successful } } int main() { // Call the divide function with valid arguments auto result = divide(10, 2); // Check if the result is valid if (result) { std::cout << "Division successful: " << *result << std::endl; // Dereference the expected to get the value } else { std::cout << "Error: " << result.error() << std::endl; // Print the error } // Call the divide function with invalid arguments auto result2 = divide(10, 0); // Check if the result is valid if (result2) { std::cout << "Division successful: " << *result2 << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Error: " << result2.error() << std::endl; } return 0; }