Circular Reasoning

A type of reasoning in which the proposition is supported by the premises, which is supported by the proposition, creating a circle in reasoning where no useful information is being shared - X is true because of Y. - Y is true because of X. - Begging the question: Any form of argument where the conclusion is assumed in one of the premises.

A lot of extremist liberals engage in circular reasoning.

Circular Argument: This restates the argument rather than actually proving it.

George Bush is a good communicator because he speaks effectively.

In this example, the conclusion that Bush is a “good communicator” and the evidence used to prove it “he speaks effectively” are basically the same idea. Specific evidence such as using everyday language, breaking down complex problems, or illustrating his points with humorous stories would be needed to prove either half of the sentence.

Begging the Question

This is a form of Circular Reasoning.

Claim X assumes X is true. Therefore, claim X is true.

Paranormal activity is real because I have experienced what can only be described as paranormal activity.