Information Processing Approach
The information processing approach treats cognition as information flowing through stages: encoded, transformed, stored, retrieved.
Why the computer metaphor?
Borrowing the computer metaphor lets you decompose cognition into representations and the processes that act on them, then test each stage.
Often assumes serial / step-by-step processing. The mind is a system that takes in, stores, transforms, and outputs information.
Contrasts with Connectionism, which goes parallel and distributed instead.