Starvation
Other than a deadlock, an application thread can also experience starvation, where it never gets CPU time or access to shared resources because other “greedy” threads hog the resources.
How to avoid starvation?
The best way to avoid starvation is to use a lock such as ReentrantLock or a Mutex. This introduces a “fair” lock which favors granting access to the thread that has been waiting longest. If you wanted to have multiple threads run at once while preventing starvation, you can use a semaphore.