Multithreading
Also see thread (C++).
Had really good exposure at NVIDIA, but really learned for SE350.
This is fundamental to understand.
Multithreading vs. multiprocessing, what does it come down to?
I remember about how Hemal talked about if you really care about performance, you multithread instead of splitting things into different processes.
For uniprocessor, they time slice for a Time Quanta.