Faraday’s Law

Time-varying magnetic fields create electric fields.

${\oint }_C{\vec{E}}_{ind}\cdot d\vec{l}=-\frac{d{\Phi }_m}{dt}=-\frac{d}{dt}{\int }_S\vec{B}\cdot d\vec{S}$ Where $C$ is a closed loop.

Danger

Faraday’s Law is non-conservative, because we are dealing withMagnetic Fields (which are non-conservative fields).

induced voltage: $V_{ind}=-\frac{d\Lambda }{dt}=-N\frac{d{\Phi }_m}{dt}$

Related

• The negative sign of ${\Phi }_m$ is Lenz’s Law
• Be careful of Flux Linkage